      Product Title: GHK-Cu Copper Peptide X 50mg

      URL handle: ghk-cu-copper-peptide-50mg-biolongevity-labs

      SKU: GHK50

      Brand: Biolongevity Labs

      Current URL: https://fmihealth.com/products/ghk-cu-copper-peptide-50mg-biolongevity-labs

      Meta Title: GHK-Cu Copper Peptide X 50mg

      Meta Description: Description--GHK-Cu (glycine-histidine-lysine copper peptide) is a naturally occurring tripeptide-copper complex found in human plasma, saliva, and urine. Discovered by Dr. Loren Pickart in the 1970s, it functions as a biological regulator with diverse roles in tissue repair, regeneration, and cellular signaling.   Mec

      Health Conditions: Collagen Stimulation | Antioxidant | Anti-inflammatory



      Description HTML:

      <p>Description--GHK-Cu (glycine-histidine-lysine copper peptide) is a naturally occurring tripeptide-copper complex found in human plasma, saliva, and urine. Discovered by Dr. Loren Pickart in the 1970s, it functions as a biological regulator with diverse roles in tissue repair, regeneration, and cellular signaling.</p>
<p><!--StartFragment --></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>Mechanistic Claims</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
<strong>Collagen &amp; Elastin Synthesis: </strong>Stimulates fibroblasts to increase collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan production, supporting extracellular matrix remodeling.</li>
<li>
<strong>Wound Healing &amp; Angiogenesis:</strong> Promotes angiogenesis and accelerates tissue repair by enhancing growth factor activity.</li>
<li>
<strong>Anti-Inflammatory Effects:</strong> Downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulates immune responses in damaged tissue.</li>
<li>
<strong>Antioxidant Protection:</strong> Scavenges free radicals and reduces oxidative stress, protecting cells from damage.</li>
<li>
<strong>Tissue Remodeling:</strong> Regulates metalloproteinase activity, balancing tissue breakdown and regeneration.</li>
<li>
<strong>Hair Growth &amp; Skin Renewal:</strong> Investigated for stimulating follicle activity and improving dermal regeneration.</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>Research Applications</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Wound healing and tissue regeneration models</li>
<li>Anti-aging and dermatological studies</li>
<li>Hair growth and follicle stimulation research</li>
<li>Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways</li>
<li>Extracellular matrix remodeling investigations</li>
</ul>
<p><!--EndFragment --></p>
<p><strong>GHK-Cu Research</strong></p>
<div class="font-claude-message relative leading-[1.65rem] [&amp;&gt;div&gt;div&gt;:is(p,ul,ol)]:pr-4 md:[&amp;&gt;div&gt;div&gt;:is(p,ul,ol)]:pr-8 [&amp;_pre&gt;div]:bg-bg-300 [&amp;_.ignore-pre-bg&gt;div]:bg-transparent">
<div class="grid-cols-1 grid gap-2.5 [&amp;_&gt;_*]:min-w-0">
<p class="whitespace-pre-wrap break-words">GHK-Cu<span> </span>is a copper peptide complex that combines the tripeptide GHK (Glycine-Histidine-Lysine) with a copper ion. It occurs naturally in human plasma, with levels that decline with age. This compound has gained attention for several biological properties:</p>
<ul class="[&amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc space-y-1.5 pl-7">
<li class="whitespace-normal break-words">
<p>Wound healing and tissue regeneration</p>
</li>
<li class="whitespace-normal break-words">
<p>Stimulation of collagen production</p>
</li>
<li class="whitespace-normal break-words">
<p>Anti-inflammatory effects</p>
</li>
<li class="whitespace-normal break-words">
<p>Antioxidant properties</p>
</li>
<li class="whitespace-normal break-words">
<p>Promotion of blood vessel formation</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p class="whitespace-pre-wrap break-words">Due to these properties, GHK-Cu is used in Skincare products, particularly anti-aging formulations, Hair growth treatments, Wound healing applications. Research suggests it works by activating specific genes related to healing and attracting immune cells to injury sites.</p>
<p class="whitespace-pre-wrap break-words"> </p>
<p class="whitespace-pre-wrap break-words"><em>Skin Health and Tissue Repair</em></p>
<p>GHK-Cu is widely used in cosmetic products due to its anti-aging properties. It improves skin elasticity, firmness, and reduces fine lines, wrinkles, and <span class="whitespace-nowrap">photodamage<sup>1</sup>. Studies have demonstrated that GHK-Cu can tighten loose skin, enhance skin density, and reduce hyperpigmentation<sup>2</sup>. Its ability to inhibit elastase activity further supports the structural integrity of the skin by reducing elastin degeneration<sup>3</sup>.</span></p>
<p><span class="whitespace-nowrap">GHK-Cu is a potent wound healing agent, promoting angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and the synthesis of growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). In vivo studies have shown that GHK-Cu accelerates wound healing in various models, including scald wounds in mice, by enhancing angiogenesis and shortening healing time<sup>4</sup>. The peptide’s ability to stimulate connective tissue accumulation and collagen synthesis has been demonstrated in experimental wound models<sup>5</sup>.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Pulmonary Conditions</em></p>
<p>GHK-Cu has shown promising results in the treatment of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, a model for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).</p>
<p>Studies indicate that GHK-Cu can inhibit inflammatory and fibrotic changes by reducing inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, and by decreasing collagen deposition in lung tissues. It also helps in reversing the imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9) and their inhibitors (TIMP-1), and in preventing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the modulation of Nrf2, NF-κB, and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling<span> </span><span class="whitespace-nowrap">pathways<sup>6</sup>.</span></p>
<p><span class="whitespace-nowrap">In the context of COPD, GHK-Cu has been found to attenuate cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema and inflammation. It achieves this by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, as evidenced by decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative markers in lung tissues. GHK-Cu also restores antioxidant defenses by upregulating Nrf2 expression, which is crucial for combating oxidative damage in COPD<sup>7</sup>.</span></p>
<p><span class="whitespace-nowrap">GHK-Cu has also been studied in models of acute lung injury (ALI), where it demonstrates protective effects by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. It suppresses inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, reducing lung tissue damage and inflammatory cell infiltration<sup>8</sup>.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Neurodegenerative Disorders</em></p>
<p>One of the critical pathological features of neurodegenerative disorders is protein misfolding and aggregation. GHK-Cu has been shown to prevent copper- and zinc-induced protein aggregation, thereby protecting central nervous system cells from metal-induced toxicity. This property is particularly relevant in conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, where metal ion imbalance contributes to disease <span class="whitespace-nowrap">progression<sup>9</sup>.</span></p>
<p><span class="whitespace-nowrap">Studies have demonstrated that GHK-Cu can enhance cognitive performance and provide neuroprotection. In animal models, intranasal administration of GHK-Cu improved cognitive functions, reduced amyloid plaques, and decreased inflammation in the brain, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for Alzheimer’s disease and age-related cognitive decline<sup>10</sup>.</span></p>
<p><span class="whitespace-nowrap">GHK-Cu influences gene expression patterns that are crucial for maintaining nervous system health. It has been shown to reset pathological gene expression to healthier states, which may counteract age-related dysregulation of biochemical pathways and support neuronal survival and function<sup>11</sup>.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em><span class="base-md">Antibacterial Properties</span></em></p>
<p><span class="base-md">GHK-Cu nanoparticles (GHK-Cu NPs) have been shown to possess significant antibacterial properties. In a study focusing on their application in wound healing, GHK-Cu NPs demonstrated effective antibacterial activity against common bacterial strains such as <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em><sup>12</sup>.</span></p>
<p><span class="base-md">The self-assembled nature of these nanoparticles not only addresses the instability issues of GHK-Cu in biological fluids but also enhances their antibacterial efficacy. This makes them a promising candidate for biomedical applications, particularly in wound healing where infection control is crucial.</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>Anti-Cancer Activities and Gene Expression Modulation</em></p>
<p>GHK-Cu exhibits multiple anti-cancer activities. It has been shown to modulate gene expression in cancer cells, such as MCF7 breast cancer cells and PC3 prostate cancer cells. This modulation can reverse the pathological expression of genes associated with cancer progression, thereby potentially restoring tissue integrity and <span class="whitespace-nowrap">health<sup>13</sup>.</span></p>
<p><span class="whitespace-nowrap">Recent studies have highlighted GHK-Cu’s ability to influence gene expression significantly. It can reverse the pathological expression of a substantial percentage of genes in metastasis-prone colon cancer, indicating its potential to alter the course of cancer development. This gene modulation capability extends to shifting gene expression in COPD lungs from a destructive state to one of healthy remodeling, showcasing its broad therapeutic potential<sup>13</sup>.</span></p>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong>References</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>Pickart, L. (2008). The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling. <em>Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition</em>, 19, 969 – 988. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1163/156856208784909435" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1163/156856208784909435</a>.</li>
<li>Pickart, L., Vasquez-Soltero, J., &amp; Margolina, A. (2015). GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. <em>BioMed Research International</em>, 2015. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/648108" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/648108</a>.</li>
<li>Dymek, M., Olechowska, K., Hąc-Wydro, K., &amp; Sikora, E. (2023). Liposomes as Carriers of GHK-Cu Tripeptide for Cosmetic Application. <em>Pharmaceutics</em>, 15. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15102485" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15102485</a>.</li>
<li>Wang, X., Liu, B., Xu, Q., Sun, H., Shi, M., Wang, D., Guo, M., Yu, J., Zhao, C., &amp; Feng, B. (2017). GHK‐Cu‐liposomes accelerate scald wound healing in mice by promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis. <em>Wound Repair and Regeneration</em>, 25. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/wrr.12520" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1111/wrr.12520</a>.</li>
<li>Maquart, F., Bellon, G., Chaqour, B., Wegrowski, J., Patt, L., Trachy, R., Monboisse, J., Chastang, F., Birembaut, P., &amp; Gillery, P. (1993). In vivo stimulation of connective tissue accumulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ in rat experimental wounds.. <em>The Journal of clinical investigation</em>, 92 5, 2368-76 . <a href="https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI116842" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI116842</a>.</li>
<li>Hou, G., &amp; Zhou, X. (2018). Antioxidant and anti-inflammation effect of GHK-Cu in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. <em>ILD/DPLD of known origin</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA2957" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA2957</a>.</li>
<li>Zhang, Q., Yan, L., Lu, J., &amp; Zhou, X. (2022). Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ attenuates cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema and inflammation by reducing oxidative stress pathway. <em>Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences</em>, 9. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2022.925700" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2022.925700</a>.</li>
<li>Park, J., Lee, H., Kim, S., &amp; Yang, S. (2016). The tri-peptide GHK-Cu complex ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. <em>Oncotarget</em>, 7, 58405 – 58417. <a href="https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.11168" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.11168</a>.</li>
<li>Min, J., Sarlus, H., &amp; Harris, R. (2024). Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine prevents copper- and zinc-induced protein aggregation and central nervous system cell death in vitro. <em>Metallomics: Integrated Biometal Science</em>, 16. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mtomcs/mfae019" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1093/mtomcs/mfae019</a>.</li>
<li>Tucker, M., Liao, G., Park, J., Rosenfeld, M., Wezeman, J., Mangalindan, R., Ratner, D., Darvas, M., &amp; Ladiges, W. (2023). Behavioral and neuropathological features of Alzheimer’s disease are attenuated in 5xFAD mice treated with intranasal GHK peptide. <em>bioRxiv</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.20.567908" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.20.567908</a>.</li>
<li>Pickart, L., Vasquez-Soltero, J., &amp; Margolina, A. (2017). The Effect of the Human Peptide GHK on Gene Expression Relevant to Nervous System Function and Cognitive Decline. <em>Brain Sciences</em>, 7. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci7020020" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci7020020</a>.</li>
<li>Sun, L., Li, A., Hu, Y., Li, Y., Shang, L., &amp; Zhang, L. (2019). Self‐Assembled Fluorescent and Antibacterial GHK‐Cu Nanoparticles for Wound Healing Applications. <em>Particle &amp; Particle Systems Characterization</em>, 36. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.201800420" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.201800420</a>.</li>
<li>Pickart, L., Biology, F., &amp; Margolina, A. (2021). Modulation of Gene Expression in Human Breast Cancer MCF7 and Prostate Cancer PC3 Cells by the Human Copper-Binding Peptide GHK-Cu.. , 05, 1-1. <a href="https://doi.org/10.21926/OBM.GENET.2102128" rel="noopener" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.21926/OBM.GENET.2102128</a>.</li>
</ol>
<p><br><br>Label-- <strong>Peptide Information</strong></p>
<style type="text/css">
        td {border: 1px solid #cccccc;}
        br {mso-data-placement: same-cell;}
        .bold {font-weight: bold;}
    </style>
<table style="width: 99.9363%;">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="width: 32.5169%;">Property</th>
<th style="width: 67.1632%;">Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 32.5169%;">Peptide Sequence</td>
<td style="width: 67.1632%;">Gly-His-Lys</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 32.5169%;">Molecular Formula</td>
<td style="width: 67.1632%;">C14H24N6O4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 32.5169%;">Molecular Weight</td>
<td style="width: 67.1632%;">340.38 g/mol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 32.5169%;">CAS Number</td>
<td style="width: 67.1632%;">49557-75-7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 32.5169%;">PubChem CID</td>
<td style="width: 67.1632%;">73587</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 32.5169%;">Synonyms</td>
<td style="width: 67.1632%;">glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine, 49557-75-7, Gly-his-lys, Prezatide, L-Lysine, glycyl-L-histidyl-</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 style="text-align: center;"></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: center;"></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">GHK-Cu Peptide Structure</h3>
<p><img data-opt-id="1529272240" decoding="async" src="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/image/imgsrv.fcgi?cid=73587&amp;t=l" alt="Prezatide.png" title="GHK-Cu Copper Peptide (50mg) 3" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"></p>
<p>Source:<span> </span><a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/73587#section=2D-Structure" rel="noopener" target="_blank">PubChem</a></p>
<p><br>Dosage--<strong>This PRODUCT IS INTENDED AS A RESEARCH CHEMICAL ONLY.</strong><span> This designation allows the use of research chemicals strictly for in vitro testing and laboratory experimentation only. All product information available on this website is for educational purposes only. This product should only be handled by licensed, qualified professionals. This product is not a drug, food, or cosmetic and may not be misbranded, misused or mislabeled as a drug, food or cosmetic.</span><br></p>
    

      
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GHK-Cu Copper Peptide X 50mg

Biolongevity Labs

Collagen Stimulation | Antioxidant | Anti-inflammatory

Rs. 10,350

Unit price: per

100% Authentic

Made in USA

Authorised distributor

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GHK-Cu Copper Peptide X 50mg

Name: GHK-Cu Copper Peptide X 50mg
Brand: Biolongevity Labs
SKU: GHK50
Price: 10350.0 INR
Availability: InStock

Collagen Stimulation | Antioxidant | Anti-inflammatory

Biolongevity Labs

Rs. 10,350

Unit price: per

No Reviews

Rs. 10,350

Unit price: per

Price includes all duties and taxes

SKU: GHK50 FMI's Choice

About the Product

GHK-Cu Copper Peptide (50 mg) Research Compound: Naturally occurring tripeptide-copper complex for preclinical studies on tissue regeneration, wound healing, collagen synthesis, elastin production, and anti-aging mechanisms.
Collagen & Tissue Remodeling: Functions as a biological regulator supporting collagen and elastin synthesis, angiogenesis, controlled tissue repair, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory modulation in laboratory models.
Wound & Tissue Support: Supports studies on collagen stimulation, elastin production, angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, oxidative protection, anti-inflammatory pathways, and wound repair mechanisms.
Pure Research-Grade GHK-Cu: Optimized tripeptide-copper complex designed for stability, reproducibility, and precision in preclinical investigations of regenerative and anti-aging pathways.
Intended Use: For qualified researchers conducting controlled laboratory studies. Not for human or veterinary use.

GHK-Cu (glycine-histidine-lysine copper peptide) is a naturally occurring tripeptide-copper complex found in human plasma, saliva, and urine. Discovered by Dr. Loren Pickart in the 1970s, it functions as a biological regulator with diverse roles in tissue repair, regeneration, and cellular signaling.

Mechanistic Claims

Collagen & Elastin Synthesis: Stimulates fibroblasts to increase collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan production, supporting extracellular matrix remodeling.
Wound Healing & Angiogenesis: Promotes angiogenesis and accelerates tissue repair by enhancing growth factor activity.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulates immune responses in damaged tissue.
Antioxidant Protection: Scavenges free radicals and reduces oxidative stress, protecting cells from damage.
Tissue Remodeling: Regulates metalloproteinase activity, balancing tissue breakdown and regeneration.
Hair Growth & Skin Renewal: Investigated for stimulating follicle activity and improving dermal regeneration.

Research Applications

Wound healing and tissue regeneration models
Anti-aging and dermatological studies
Hair growth and follicle stimulation research
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways
Extracellular matrix remodeling investigations

GHK-Cu Research

GHK-Cu is a copper peptide complex that combines the tripeptide GHK (Glycine-Histidine-Lysine) with a copper ion. It occurs naturally in human plasma, with levels that decline with age. This compound has gained attention for several biological properties:

Wound healing and tissue regeneration
Stimulation of collagen production
Anti-inflammatory effects
Antioxidant properties
Promotion of blood vessel formation

Due to these properties, GHK-Cu is used in Skincare products, particularly anti-aging formulations, Hair growth treatments, Wound healing applications. Research suggests it works by activating specific genes related to healing and attracting immune cells to injury sites.

Skin Health and Tissue Repair

GHK-Cu is widely used in cosmetic products due to its anti-aging properties. It improves skin elasticity, firmness, and reduces fine lines, wrinkles, and photodamage¹. Studies have demonstrated that GHK-Cu can tighten loose skin, enhance skin density, and reduce hyperpigmentation². Its ability to inhibit elastase activity further supports the structural integrity of the skin by reducing elastin degeneration³.

GHK-Cu is a potent wound healing agent, promoting angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and the synthesis of growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). In vivo studies have shown that GHK-Cu accelerates wound healing in various models, including scald wounds in mice, by enhancing angiogenesis and shortening healing time⁴. The peptide’s ability to stimulate connective tissue accumulation and collagen synthesis has been demonstrated in experimental wound models⁵.

Pulmonary Conditions

GHK-Cu has shown promising results in the treatment of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, a model for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Studies indicate that GHK-Cu can inhibit inflammatory and fibrotic changes by reducing inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, and by decreasing collagen deposition in lung tissues. It also helps in reversing the imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9) and their inhibitors (TIMP-1), and in preventing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the modulation of Nrf2, NF-κB, and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways⁶.

In the context of COPD, GHK-Cu has been found to attenuate cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema and inflammation. It achieves this by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, as evidenced by decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative markers in lung tissues. GHK-Cu also restores antioxidant defenses by upregulating Nrf2 expression, which is crucial for combating oxidative damage in COPD⁷.

GHK-Cu has also been studied in models of acute lung injury (ALI), where it demonstrates protective effects by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. It suppresses inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, reducing lung tissue damage and inflammatory cell infiltration⁸.

Neurodegenerative Disorders

One of the critical pathological features of neurodegenerative disorders is protein misfolding and aggregation. GHK-Cu has been shown to prevent copper- and zinc-induced protein aggregation, thereby protecting central nervous system cells from metal-induced toxicity. This property is particularly relevant in conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, where metal ion imbalance contributes to disease progression⁹.

Studies have demonstrated that GHK-Cu can enhance cognitive performance and provide neuroprotection. In animal models, intranasal administration of GHK-Cu improved cognitive functions, reduced amyloid plaques, and decreased inflammation in the brain, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for Alzheimer’s disease and age-related cognitive decline¹⁰.

GHK-Cu influences gene expression patterns that are crucial for maintaining nervous system health. It has been shown to reset pathological gene expression to healthier states, which may counteract age-related dysregulation of biochemical pathways and support neuronal survival and function¹¹.

Antibacterial Properties

GHK-Cu nanoparticles (GHK-Cu NPs) have been shown to possess significant antibacterial properties. In a study focusing on their application in wound healing, GHK-Cu NPs demonstrated effective antibacterial activity against common bacterial strains such as E. coli and S. aureus¹².

The self-assembled nature of these nanoparticles not only addresses the instability issues of GHK-Cu in biological fluids but also enhances their antibacterial efficacy. This makes them a promising candidate for biomedical applications, particularly in wound healing where infection control is crucial.

Anti-Cancer Activities and Gene Expression Modulation

GHK-Cu exhibits multiple anti-cancer activities. It has been shown to modulate gene expression in cancer cells, such as MCF7 breast cancer cells and PC3 prostate cancer cells. This modulation can reverse the pathological expression of genes associated with cancer progression, thereby potentially restoring tissue integrity and health¹³.

Recent studies have highlighted GHK-Cu’s ability to influence gene expression significantly. It can reverse the pathological expression of a substantial percentage of genes in metastasis-prone colon cancer, indicating its potential to alter the course of cancer development. This gene modulation capability extends to shifting gene expression in COPD lungs from a destructive state to one of healthy remodeling, showcasing its broad therapeutic potential¹³.

References

Pickart, L. (2008). The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 19, 969 – 988. https://doi.org/10.1163/156856208784909435.
Pickart, L., Vasquez-Soltero, J., & Margolina, A. (2015). GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. BioMed Research International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/648108.
Dymek, M., Olechowska, K., Hąc-Wydro, K., & Sikora, E. (2023). Liposomes as Carriers of GHK-Cu Tripeptide for Cosmetic Application. Pharmaceutics, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15102485.
Wang, X., Liu, B., Xu, Q., Sun, H., Shi, M., Wang, D., Guo, M., Yu, J., Zhao, C., & Feng, B. (2017). GHK‐Cu‐liposomes accelerate scald wound healing in mice by promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Wound Repair and Regeneration, 25. https://doi.org/10.1111/wrr.12520.
Maquart, F., Bellon, G., Chaqour, B., Wegrowski, J., Patt, L., Trachy, R., Monboisse, J., Chastang, F., Birembaut, P., & Gillery, P. (1993). In vivo stimulation of connective tissue accumulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ in rat experimental wounds.. The Journal of clinical investigation, 92 5, 2368-76 . https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI116842.
Hou, G., & Zhou, X. (2018). Antioxidant and anti-inflammation effect of GHK-Cu in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. ILD/DPLD of known origin. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA2957.
Zhang, Q., Yan, L., Lu, J., & Zhou, X. (2022). Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ attenuates cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema and inflammation by reducing oxidative stress pathway. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2022.925700.
Park, J., Lee, H., Kim, S., & Yang, S. (2016). The tri-peptide GHK-Cu complex ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. Oncotarget, 7, 58405 – 58417. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.11168.
Min, J., Sarlus, H., & Harris, R. (2024). Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine prevents copper- and zinc-induced protein aggregation and central nervous system cell death in vitro. Metallomics: Integrated Biometal Science, 16. https://doi.org/10.1093/mtomcs/mfae019.
Tucker, M., Liao, G., Park, J., Rosenfeld, M., Wezeman, J., Mangalindan, R., Ratner, D., Darvas, M., & Ladiges, W. (2023). Behavioral and neuropathological features of Alzheimer’s disease are attenuated in 5xFAD mice treated with intranasal GHK peptide. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.20.567908.
Pickart, L., Vasquez-Soltero, J., & Margolina, A. (2017). The Effect of the Human Peptide GHK on Gene Expression Relevant to Nervous System Function and Cognitive Decline. Brain Sciences, 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci7020020.
Sun, L., Li, A., Hu, Y., Li, Y., Shang, L., & Zhang, L. (2019). Self‐Assembled Fluorescent and Antibacterial GHK‐Cu Nanoparticles for Wound Healing Applications. Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, 36. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.201800420.
Pickart, L., Biology, F., & Margolina, A. (2021). Modulation of Gene Expression in Human Breast Cancer MCF7 and Prostate Cancer PC3 Cells by the Human Copper-Binding Peptide GHK-Cu.. , 05, 1-1. https://doi.org/10.21926/OBM.GENET.2102128.

Label-- Peptide Information

Property	Value
Peptide Sequence	Gly-His-Lys
Molecular Formula	C14H24N6O4
Molecular Weight	340.38 g/mol
CAS Number	49557-75-7
PubChem CID	73587
Synonyms	glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine, 49557-75-7, Gly-his-lys, Prezatide, L-Lysine, glycyl-L-histidyl-

GHK-Cu Peptide Structure

Source: PubChem

Dosage--This PRODUCT IS INTENDED AS A RESEARCH CHEMICAL ONLY. This designation allows the use of research chemicals strictly for in vitro testing and laboratory experimentation only. All product information available on this website is for educational purposes only. This product should only be handled by licensed, qualified professionals. This product is not a drug, food, or cosmetic and may not be misbranded, misused or mislabeled as a drug, food or cosmetic.

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Product Information Sheet

Mechanistic Claims

Collagen & Elastin Synthesis: Stimulates fibroblasts to increase collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan production, supporting extracellular matrix remodeling.
Wound Healing & Angiogenesis: Promotes angiogenesis and accelerates tissue repair by enhancing growth factor activity.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulates immune responses in damaged tissue.
Antioxidant Protection: Scavenges free radicals and reduces oxidative stress, protecting cells from damage.
Tissue Remodeling: Regulates metalloproteinase activity, balancing tissue breakdown and regeneration.
Hair Growth & Skin Renewal: Investigated for stimulating follicle activity and improving dermal regeneration.

Research Applications

Wound healing and tissue regeneration models
Anti-aging and dermatological studies
Hair growth and follicle stimulation research
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways
Extracellular matrix remodeling investigations

GHK-Cu Research

Wound healing and tissue regeneration
Stimulation of collagen production
Anti-inflammatory effects
Antioxidant properties
Promotion of blood vessel formation

Skin Health and Tissue Repair

Pulmonary Conditions

GHK-Cu has shown promising results in the treatment of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, a model for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Neurodegenerative Disorders

Antibacterial Properties

Anti-Cancer Activities and Gene Expression Modulation

References

Pickart, L. (2008). The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 19, 969 – 988. https://doi.org/10.1163/156856208784909435.
Pickart, L., Vasquez-Soltero, J., & Margolina, A. (2015). GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. BioMed Research International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/648108.
Dymek, M., Olechowska, K., Hąc-Wydro, K., & Sikora, E. (2023). Liposomes as Carriers of GHK-Cu Tripeptide for Cosmetic Application. Pharmaceutics, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15102485.
Wang, X., Liu, B., Xu, Q., Sun, H., Shi, M., Wang, D., Guo, M., Yu, J., Zhao, C., & Feng, B. (2017). GHK‐Cu‐liposomes accelerate scald wound healing in mice by promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Wound Repair and Regeneration, 25. https://doi.org/10.1111/wrr.12520.
Maquart, F., Bellon, G., Chaqour, B., Wegrowski, J., Patt, L., Trachy, R., Monboisse, J., Chastang, F., Birembaut, P., & Gillery, P. (1993). In vivo stimulation of connective tissue accumulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ in rat experimental wounds.. The Journal of clinical investigation, 92 5, 2368-76 . https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI116842.
Hou, G., & Zhou, X. (2018). Antioxidant and anti-inflammation effect of GHK-Cu in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. ILD/DPLD of known origin. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.CONGRESS-2018.PA2957.
Zhang, Q., Yan, L., Lu, J., & Zhou, X. (2022). Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ attenuates cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema and inflammation by reducing oxidative stress pathway. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2022.925700.
Park, J., Lee, H., Kim, S., & Yang, S. (2016). The tri-peptide GHK-Cu complex ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. Oncotarget, 7, 58405 – 58417. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.11168.
Min, J., Sarlus, H., & Harris, R. (2024). Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine prevents copper- and zinc-induced protein aggregation and central nervous system cell death in vitro. Metallomics: Integrated Biometal Science, 16. https://doi.org/10.1093/mtomcs/mfae019.
Tucker, M., Liao, G., Park, J., Rosenfeld, M., Wezeman, J., Mangalindan, R., Ratner, D., Darvas, M., & Ladiges, W. (2023). Behavioral and neuropathological features of Alzheimer’s disease are attenuated in 5xFAD mice treated with intranasal GHK peptide. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.20.567908.
Pickart, L., Vasquez-Soltero, J., & Margolina, A. (2017). The Effect of the Human Peptide GHK on Gene Expression Relevant to Nervous System Function and Cognitive Decline. Brain Sciences, 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci7020020.
Sun, L., Li, A., Hu, Y., Li, Y., Shang, L., & Zhang, L. (2019). Self‐Assembled Fluorescent and Antibacterial GHK‐Cu Nanoparticles for Wound Healing Applications. Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, 36. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.201800420.
Pickart, L., Biology, F., & Margolina, A. (2021). Modulation of Gene Expression in Human Breast Cancer MCF7 and Prostate Cancer PC3 Cells by the Human Copper-Binding Peptide GHK-Cu.. , 05, 1-1. https://doi.org/10.21926/OBM.GENET.2102128.

Peptide Information

Property	Value
Peptide Sequence	Gly-His-Lys
Molecular Formula	C14H24N6O4
Molecular Weight	340.38 g/mol
CAS Number	49557-75-7
PubChem CID	73587
Synonyms	glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine, 49557-75-7, Gly-his-lys, Prezatide, L-Lysine, glycyl-L-histidyl-

GHK-Cu Peptide Structure

Source: PubChem

This PRODUCT IS INTENDED AS A RESEARCH CHEMICAL ONLY. This designation allows the use of research chemicals strictly for in vitro testing and laboratory experimentation only. All product information available on this website is for educational purposes only. This product should only be handled by licensed, qualified professionals. This product is not a drug, food, or cosmetic and may not be misbranded, misused or mislabeled as a drug, food or cosmetic.